Three-Dimensional Landscape Pattern Characteristics of Land Function Zones and Their Influence on PM Based on LUR Model in the Central Urban Area of Nanchang City, China.

China's rapid urbanization and industrialization process has triggered serious air pollution. As a main air pollutant, PM is affected not only by meteorological conditions, but also by land use in urban area. The impacts of urban landscape on PM become more complicated from a three-dimensional (3D) and land function zone point of view. Taking the urban area of Nanchang city, China, as a case and, on the basis of the identification of urban land function zones, this study firstly constructed a three-dimensional landscape index system to express the characteristics of 3D landscape pattern. Then, the land-use regression (LUR) model was applied to simulate PM distribution with high precision, and a geographically weighted regression model was established. The results are as follows: (1) the constructed 3D landscape indices could reflect the 3D characteristics of urban landscape, and the overall 3D landscape indices of different urban land function zones were significantly different; (2) the effects of 3D landscape spatial pattern on PM varied significantly with land function zone type; (3) the effects of 3D characteristics of landscapes on PM in different land function zones are expressed in different ways and exhibit a significant spatial heterogeneity. This study provides a new idea for reducing air pollution by optimizing the urban landscape pattern.