Week-One Anaemia was Associated with Increased One-Year Mortality in Critically Ill Surgical Patients.

Background: Anaemia has a deleterious effect on surgical patients, but the long-term impact of anaemia in critically ill surgical patients remains unclear.

Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients who were admitted to surgical intensive care units (ICUs) at a tertiary referral centre in central Taiwan between 2015 and 2020. We used both Cox proportional hazards analysis and propensity score-based analyses, including propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and covariate balancing propensity score (CBPS) to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for one-year mortality.

Results: A total of 7,623 critically ill surgical patients were enrolled, and 29.9% (2,280/7,623) of them had week-one anaemia (haemoglobin <10 g/dL). We found that anaemia was independently associated with an increased risk of one-year mortality after adjustment for relevant covariates (aHR, 1.170; 95% CI, 1.045-1.310). We further identified a consistent strength of association between anaemia and one-year mortality in propensity score-based analyses, with the adjusted HRs in the PSM, IPTW, and CBPS were 1.164 (95% CI 1.025-1.322), 1.179 (95% CI 1.030-1.348), and 1.181 (1.034-1.349), respectively.

Conclusions: We identified the impact on one-year mortality of anaemia in critically ill surgical patients, and more studies are needed to validate our findings.