Purpose Of Review: To provide an overview of psychophysical testing in olfaction and gustation.
Recent Findings: Subjective patient report correlates poorly with objective assessment of olfaction and gustation. It is therefore important that clinicians and researchers perform psychophysical testing during chemosensory assessment. There are several validated psychophysical tests of olfaction and gustation, with ongoing developments accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. These tests have been culturally and linguistically adapted globally. Screening tests have been developed with careful consideration to distinguish normosmics from those with olfactory dysfunction.
Summary: Validated chemosensory tools are available for use by the clinician to support screening, diagnosis, or monitoring. There are promising advances in self-assessment and screening that provide avenues for the development of a standardised pathway for identification and formal assessment of patients with smell and taste disorders.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40136-022-00429-y | DOI Listing |
ERJ Open Res
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) are prevalent disease complications in people with cystic fibrosis. These understudied comorbidities significantly impact quality of life. The impact of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) in young children with cystic fibrosis (YCwCF) on these disease complications is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Cell Probes
January 2025
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Mittlere Strasse 91, CH-4031. Electronic address:
The rapid advancements in the field of genetics have significantly propelled the development of gene therapies, paving the way for innovative treatments of various hereditary disorders. This review focuses on the genetics of ophthalmologic conditions, highlighting the currently approved ophthalmic gene therapy and exploring emerging therapeutic strategies under development. Inherited retinal dystrophies represent a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that manifest across a broad spectrum from infancy to late middle age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an underestimated symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). Multiple factors may play a role in the OD reported by MS patients, such as ongoing inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), damage to the olfactory bulbs due to demyelination, and the presence of plaques in brain areas associated with the olfactory system. Indeed, neuroimaging studies in MS have shown a clear association of the OD with the number and activity of MS-related plaques in frontal and temporal brain regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Assoc Res Otolaryngol
January 2025
The Bionics Institute, 384-388 Albert St, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
Purpose: Variations in neural survival along the cochlear implant electrode array leads to off-place listening, resulting in poorer speech understanding outcomes for recipients. Therefore, it is important to develop and compare clinically viable tests to identify these patient-specific intra-cochlear neural differences.
Methods: Nineteen experienced cochlear implant recipients (9 males and 10 females) were recruited for this study.
BMJ Open
January 2025
Chronic Pain Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Introduction: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with a range of poor long-term health outcomes, including multimorbidity and chronic pain. Epidemiological evidence underpins much of this relationship; however, psychophysical testing methods, such as quantitative sensory testing (QST), may provide valuable insights into potential mechanisms. Previous studies have shown inconsistent links between ACEs and QST, but the QST profiles of people with multimorbidity have not been reported.
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