Carotid body tumours (CBT), also called carotid body paraganglioma, are highly vascular and histologically portray paraganglion cells. They are typically found at the carotid bifurcation and result in the splaying of the internal and external carotid arteries (ICA and ECA). Recent literature supports the role of chronic hypoxia in the etiology of CBT. This pictorial essay discusses how CBT is an uncommon etiology for common clinical problems such as transient ischemic attacks. It also discusses imaging techniques to precisely map out the tumour for surgical resection using advanced imaging modalities and techniques.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40477-022-00711-1 | DOI Listing |
Rev Cardiovasc Med
January 2025
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Background: Given the close relationship between excessive cortisol secretion and obesity, as well as their intimate associations with cardiometabolic sequelae, this study aimed to evaluate whether elevated cortisol levels and obesity are independently and potentially interactively related to hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) in patients with untreated hypertension.
Methods: A total of 936 untreated hypertensive patients were recruited. Body mass index (BMI), 24-hour urinary free cortisol (24 h UFC), and HMOD indicators, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and albuminuria, were assessed.
Endocrine
January 2025
Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.
Purpose: To compare functional deficits associated to surgery with those caused by the growth of the head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs).
Methods: 72 patients with HNPGLs were included. Patients were divided in group A (49 patients undergoing surgery) and group B (23 patients following a wait and see approach).
J Clin Med
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
The interrelationship of thyroid volume and function with features of cardiovascular dysfunction has already been investigated but some aspects remain unclear, especially in terms of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in euthyroid patients. Intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement in ultrasound B-mode imaging in different vascular beds (most frequently within the common carotid artery) is one of the most important tools for the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in both clinical practice and research. This article aimed to present the results of our research on the association between the thyroid evaluation parameters and the IMT measured in both the carotid and femoral arteries in euthyroid patients aged 18 to 65 years taking into account the influence of diabetes, hypertension, and excess body mass.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunction (Oxf)
January 2025
Institute for Integrative Physiology, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 60637, USA.
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). OSA patients and CIH-treated rodents exhibit overactive sympathetic nervous system and hypertension, mediated through hyperactive carotid body (CB) chemoreflex. Activation of olfactory receptor 78 (Olfr78) by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is implicated in CB activation and sympathetic nerve responses to CIH, but the downstream signaling pathways remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Biol
January 2025
Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors monitor the levels of arterial blood gases and adjust ventilation and perfusion to meet metabolic demands. These chemoreceptors are present in all vertebrates studied to date but have not been described fully in reptiles other than turtles. The goals of this study were to 1) identify functional chemosensory areas in the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) 2) determine the neurochemical content of putative chemosensory cells in these areas and 3) determine the role each area plays in ventilatory and cardiovascular control.
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