Perceived sensitivity to medicines and medication concerns beliefs predict intentional nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy among young people living with HIV.

Among the sources of antiretroviral therapy (ART) nonadherence are patient decisions to skip or stop taking their medications, often stemming from medication beliefs and concerns about side- effects. While individuals who perceive greater sensitivity to medicines may be prone to medication concerns, understanding how these factors contribute to HIV treatment adherence requires further research. The current study tested the direct and indirect effects of perceived sensitivity to medicines on intentional nonadherence to ART, and whether medication concerns mediate this association. A sample of 418 younger (< 36 years of age) people living with HIV was recruited through community outreach to complete assessments of perceived sensitivity to medicines, medication concerns beliefs, adherence assessed by unannounced phone- based pill counts and HIV viral load, as well as monthly follow- up assessments of intentional nonadherence over a 15- month period. Analyses at baseline and prospective Poisson regression models conducted over 15- months converged to show that perceived sensitivity to medicines significantly predicted intentional nonadherence to ART through medication concerns. These findings suggest that people who perceive greater sensitivity to medicines are prone to greater medication concerns that are related to intentional nonadherence. Cognitive behavioral interventions are needed to resolve medication concerns and reduce intentional nonadherence among people receiving ART.