Effects of antiviral therapy and drug withdrawal on postpartum hepatitis in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.

Objective: To investigate the effect of antiviral therapy and drug withdrawal on the incidence of hepatitis B after delivery in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection who received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment.

Methods: Eligible CHB pregnant women were enrolled, and received TDF at 32 weeks gestation. The drug was stopped immediately or at 6 weeks after delivery. The HBV biomarkers and clinical biochemical parameters were monitored during gestation and 24 weeks after delivery.

Results: There were 264 women completed the observation, including 96 untreated subjects in control group. Among 168 treated subjects, 131 cases stopped drug immediately after delivery and 37 cases delayed the drug withdrawal at 6 weeks after delivery. The incidence of postpartum hepatitis in control, immediate drug withdrawal, and delayed drug withdrawal were 28.1% (27/96), 23.7% (31/131), and 24.3% (9/37), showing no significant difference (χ = 0.607, p = 0.738). No factor was found to be associated with the occurrence of postpartum hepatitis. It's noteworthy that 96.3% of postpartum hepatitis in control group and 92.3% of postpartum hepatitis in immediate drug withdrawal group occurred within 12 weeks after delivery. While in delayed drug withdrawal group, the rate of postpartum hepatitis occurred within 12 weeks after delivery was 77.7%.

Conclusion: Withdrawing antiviral drug immediately or at 6 weeks after delivery did not affect the incidence of postpartum hepatitis in CHB women, but delaying drug withdrawal might delay the onset of postpartum hepatitis.

Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03214302.