Introduction: Monitoring the partial pressure of CO (PCO) in newborns who require ventilation would allow avoiding hypocapnia and hypercapnia. The measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO) is an alternative rarely implemented in this population.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between ETCO and PCO in newborns.
Methods: Cross-sectional study comparing two PCO measurement methods, the conventional one by analysis of blood samples and the one estimated by ETCO. The study included hospitalized newborns that required conventional mechanical ventilation. The ETCO was measured with a Tecme GraphNet® neo, a neonatal ventilator with an integrated capnograph, and we obtained the ETCO-PCO gradient. We conducted correlation and Bland-Altman plot analyses to estimate the agreement.
Results: A total of 277 samples (ETCO / PCO) from 83 newborns were analyzed. The mean values of ETCO and PCO were 41.36mmHg and 42.04mmHg. There was a positive and significant correlation between ETCO and PCO in the overall analysis (r=0.5402; P<.001) and in the analysis of each unit (P<.001). The mean difference was 0.68 mmHg (95% CI, -0.68 to 1.95) and was not significant. We observed a positive systematic error (PCO > ETCO) in 2 of the units, and a negative difference in the third (PCO < ETCO).
Discussion: The correlation between ETCO and PCO was significant, although the obtained values were not equivalent, with differences ranging from 0.1mmHg and 20mmHg. Likewise, we found systematic errors that differed in sign (positive or negative) between institutions.
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