Background And Aims: HEV ORF2 antigen (Ag) in serum has become a tool for diagnosing current HEV infection. Particularly, urinary shedding of HEV Ag has been gaining increasing interest. We aim to uncover the origin, antigenicity, diagnostic performance, and diagnostic significance of Ag in urine in HEV infection.
Approach And Results: Clinical serum and urine samples from patients with acute and chronic HEV infection were analyzed for their Ag levels. Ag in urine was analyzed by biochemical and proteomic approaches. The origin of urinary Ag and Ag kinetics during HEV infection was investigated in mouse and rabbit models, respectively. We found that both the Ag level and diagnostic sensitivity in urine were higher than in serum. Antigenic protein in urine was an E2s-like dimer spanning amino acids 453-606. pORF2 entered urine from serum in mice i.v. injected with pORF2. Ag in urine originated from the secreted form of pORF2 (ORF2 S ) that abundantly existed in hepatitis E patients' serum. HEV Ag was specifically taken up by renal cells and was disposed into urine, during which the level of Ag was concentrated >10-fold, resulting in the higher diagnosing sensitivity of urine Ag than serum Ag. Moreover, Ag in urine appeared 6 days earlier, lasted longer than viremia and antigenemia, and showed good concordance with fecal RNA in a rabbit model.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the origin and diagnostic value of urine Ag and provided insights into the disposal of exogenous protein of pathogens by the host kidney.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.32745 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Urinary DNA Methylation Test for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis.
JAMA Oncol
January 2025
Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Importance: An accurate noninvasive biomarker test is needed for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Objective: To evaluate the performance of a urinary DNA methylation test (PENK methylation) and compare its diagnostic accuracy with that of the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) test or urine cytology test.
Design, Setting, And Participants: In this prospective multicenter study at 10 sites in the Republic of Korea, individuals 40 years and older with hematuria undergoing cystoscopy within 3 months between March 11, 2022, and May 30, 2024, participated.
Multiplex Nontargeted Framework Enables Tracking Metabolic Profile of Oxymetholone and Methasterone In Vivo at Nanogram Level by GC-Orbitrap-HRMS for Antidoping Purpose.
Anal Chem
January 2025
Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
Oxymetholone and methasterone are anabolic androgenic steroids prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) for both in-competition and out-of-competition use. Detecting metabolites of exogenous steroids is crucial for establishing doping violations, making the study of these metabolites essential in antidoping efforts. This study investigated the urinary metabolic profiles of oxymetholone and methasterone using gas chromatography-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-HRMS) in nanogram level by utilizing a novel multiplex nontargeted framework protocol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferences in Biomarkers of Potential Harm After 2+ Years of Tobacco Heating System Use Compared to Cigarette Smoking: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Biomarkers
January 2025
PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Background: Growing evidence indicates that noncombustible products could be a tobacco harm reduction tool for smokers who do not quit. The Tobacco Heating System (THS) emits substantially lower levels of harmful cigarette smoke constituents, and previous randomized clinical studies showed improved levels of biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) linked to smoking-related disease.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study of healthy participants (n = 982) who (i) smoked cigarettes, (ii) had voluntarily switched from smoking to THS use, or (iii) formerly smoked, blood and urine samples were assayed for nine BoPH.
Simultaneous measurement of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues and other drugs of abuse by multiplex bead assay.
Toxicol Mech Methods
January 2025
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Science Integration, Risk Evaluation Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Quantification of illicit drugs and controlled substances, in urine or as surface contamination, is often performed using expensive analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A time and cost-effective semi-quantitative surface-wipe and urine screening multiplex immunoassay for fentanyl and its analogues was developed in this investigation. We previously created a surface wipe multiplex immunoassay for methamphetamine, caffeine, cocaine, tetrahy-drocannabinol (THC) and oxycodone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPublic and patient involvement (PPI) in the design, execution and dissemination of a trial: the BISTRO trial.
Health Technol Assess
January 2025
School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
Background: For people receiving haemodialysis, a balance has to be struck between removing sufficient but not too much fluid during a treatment session and maintaining any remaining kidney function they might have. In the BISTRO trial, this study sought to establish if getting the balance right might be improved by the additional use of bioimpedance, a device that measures body fluid composition to help decide how much fluid to remove during dialysis. Designing and executing this trial, which incorporated complex and repeated trial procedures that would be dependent on participant engagement, presented challenges that demanded effective public and patient involvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!