Background: Many Americans have adopted popular diet patterns for general health improvement that restrict specific foods, macronutrients, or eating time. However, there is limited evidence to characterize the quality of these diet patterns.
Objectives: This study ) evaluated the quality of popular diet patterns in the United States and ) modeled the effect of targeted food substitutions on diet quality.
Methods: Dietary data from 34,411 adults ≥20 y old were acquired from the NHANES, 2005-2018. Dietary intake was assessed using the National Cancer Institute's usual intake methodology, and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 was used to evaluate diet quality. A diet model was used to evaluate the effect of targeted food substitutions on diet quality.
Results: A pescatarian diet pattern had the highest diet quality (65.2; 95% CI: 64.0, 66.4), followed by vegetarian (63.0; 95% CI: 62.0, 64.0), low-grain (62.0; 95% CI: 61.6, 62.4), restricted-carbohydrate (56.9; 95% CI: 56.6, 57.3), time-restricted (55.2; 95% CI: 54.8, 55.5), and high-protein (51.8; 95% CI: 51.0, 62.7) diet patterns. Modeled replacement of ≤3 daily servings of foods highest in added sugar, sodium, saturated fat, and refined grains with alternative foods led to an increase in diet quality and a decrease in energy intake for most diet patterns.
Conclusions: Low diet quality was observed for all popular diet patterns evaluated in this study. Modeled dietary shifts that align with recommendations to choose foods lower in added sugar, sodium, saturated fat, and refined grains led to modest improvements in diet quality and larger reductions of energy intake. Greater efforts are needed to encourage the adoption of dietary patterns that emphasize consumption of a variety of high-quality food groups.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac119 | DOI Listing |
Front Pediatr
December 2024
Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
Objective: To examine the social determinants of early childhood caries (ECC), one of the greatest public health risks affecting children, and examine alternative pathways of influence.
Methods: A physically healthy, socio-demographically high-risk sample of initially caries-free children, aged 1-4 years, was prospectively studied for 2 years. At 6-month intervals, assessments were made of caries presence from a standard dental exam; oral microbiology was assayed from saliva samples; oral hygiene behaviors and psychological and psychosocial risk exposure were derived from interviews and questionnaires.
: The safety of dietary interventions is often unmonitored. Wearable technology can track elevations in resting heart rate (RHR), a marker of physiologic stress, which may provide safety information that is incremental to self-reported data. : A single subject was placed on an isocaloric diet for four weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObesity (Silver Spring)
January 2025
Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Objective: In this cross-sectional study, we aim to investigate the interactions between obesity, siesta behavior, and the genetic propensity for siesta in a Mediterranean population, in whom siesta is deeply rooted.
Methods: We applied a previously generated Siesta-Polygenic Score (PGS) in the ONTIME study (n = 1278). Siesta and other Mediterranean lifestyle behaviors were characterized using questionnaires.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
January 2025
Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Background: Preoperative fasting aims to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Our aim was to compare the incidence of increased gastric content after preoperative liberal versus a standard fasting in children.
Method: Two hundred children, presented for elective surgeries, were instructed to follow either 6-4-2 (standard group) or 6-4-0 (liberal group) preoperative fasting regimens.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi
December 2024
Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing100020, China.
The objective of this research is to study the prevalence and risk factors of psychosocial and behavioral problems in children and adolescents of different ages and genders to provide a scientific foundation for more targeted psychological interventions and social support in the future. From April 21 to May 31, 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified random sampling method in five cities (Beijing City, Changchun City, Baicheng City, Shenyang City, Hohhot City) across four provinces in Northern China (Beijing, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia). The study was conducted using an online questionnaire among children and adolescents aged 6-16 years.
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