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Top-down response to spatial variation in productivity and bottom-up response to temporal variation in productivity in a long-term study of desert ants. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The Ecosystem Exploitation Hypothesis suggests that ecosystem productivity influences trophic complexity, but the effects of spatial versus temporal variations in productivity are not well understood.
  • A 22-year study in the Simpson Desert measured ant populations and plant resources while accounting for different nutrient levels in dune swales and crests, revealing that precipitation significantly affected vegetation and ant activity.
  • Results showed that predator activity was highest in more productive areas, while herbivore activity increased over time with rainfall; thus, the impact of productivity on ecosystem structure varies based on whether it's measured spatially or temporally.

Article Abstract

Under the Ecosystem Exploitation Hypothesis ecosystem productivity predicts trophic complexity, but it is unclear if spatial and temporal drivers of productivity have similar impacts. Long-term studies are necessary to capture temporal impacts on trophic structure in variable ecosystems such as deserts. We sampled ants and measured plant resources in the Simpson Desert, central Australia over a 22-year period, during which rainfall varied 10-fold. We sampled dune swales (higher nutrient) and crests (lower nutrient) to account for spatial variation in productivity. We asked how temporal and spatial variation in productivity affects the abundance of ant trophic guilds. Precipitation increased vegetation cover, with the difference more pronounced on dune crests; seeding and flowering also increased with precipitation. Generalist activity increased over time, irrespective of productivity. Predators were more active in more productive (swale) habitat, i.e. spatial impacts of productivity were greatest at the highest trophic level. By contrast, herbivores (seed harvesters and sugar feeders) increased with long-term rainfall; seed harvesters also increased as seeding increased. Temporal impacts of productivity were therefore greatest for low trophic levels. Whether productivity variation leads to top-down or bottom-up structured ecosystems thus depends on the scale and dimension (spatial or temporal) of productivity.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9471271PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2022.0314DOI Listing

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