Cone beam CT angiography-guided direct puncture embolization for treatment of vascular anomalies in the head and neck region.

The use of angiography combined with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in interventional radiology and endovascular surgery is beneficial. The combination of CBCT with digital subtraction angiography resulted in a detailed vascular map and its surrounding structures. This paper presents cases of vascular anomalies outside the skull, including malformations and hypervascular tumors, specifically in the head and neck region, which were managed with direct puncture embolization under CBCT guidance. CBCT could facilitate the visualization and identification of the precise puncture site of targeting vessels. No complications were observed in all cases.