Difluoromethylene-skipped enones have been readily obtained from arylvinyltriflates and aryldifluoroenoxysilanes. While these useful compounds are difficult to synthesize by the classical aldol/dehydration approach, the use of a squaramide/Li catalyst allows their direct formation via a vinyl carbocation paired with a weakly coordinating perfluorinated alkoxyaluminate. This strategy makes possible a reaction between a typically weak electrophile and a weak nucleophile. Control experiments and DFT computations shed light on the mechanism of this transformation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02793 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
July 2024
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
A regio- and stereoselective stepwise (4+2) annulation of N-propargylamides and α,β-unsaturated imines/ketones has been accomplished with synergetic catalysis by a combination of a gold-complex and a chiral quinine-derived squaramide (QN-SQA), leading to highly functionalized chiral tetrahydropyridines/dihydropyrans in good to high yields with generally excellent enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations indicate that the in situ formed alkylgold species is the key intermediate in this transformation, and the amide group served as a traceless directing group in this highly selective transformation. This method complements the enantioselective (4+2) annulation of allene reagents, providing the formal internal C-C π-bond cycloaddition products, which is challenging and remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Chem
April 2024
Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
The interleukin-8 receptor beta (CXCR2) is a highly promising target for molecular imaging of inflammation and inflammatory diseases. This is due to its almost exclusive expression on neutrophils. Modified fluorinated ligands were designed based on a squaramide template, with different modification sites and synthetic strategies explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
January 2024
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 016, India.
An efficient diastereo- and enantioselective direct vinylogous Michael--Michael sequence between 5-alkenyl thiazolones and isopropylidene oxindoles has been developed. The reaction is catalyzed by a bifunctional squaramide catalyst that allows to access a wide range of densely substituted thiazolopyran derivatives containing a quaternary stereocenter. This protocol is flexible toward different sterically and electronically tuned substrates and is amenable to gram-scale synthesis and several synthetic transformations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
November 2023
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221 Jammu and Kashmir, India.
An unprecedented stereoselective route for procuring tetrahydrophenanthren-2(1)-ones bearing up to five contiguous stereogenic centers has been accomplished. A bifunctional squaramide enables a domino 1,4-/1,4-addition desymmetrization reaction sequence between the newly developed β-nitrostyrene-tethered 2,5-cyclohexadienones and trisubstituted enolizable nucleophiles to provide direct access to the polyfunctionalized hydrophenanthren-2(1)-ones in excellent enantio- (up to >99%) and diastereoselectivity (up to >20:1). By using a psedoenantiomeric squaramide, the enantiomers of hydrophenanthrene derivatives were also accessed with excellent stereocontrol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioorg Med Chem
November 2023
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Mycobacterial ATP synthase is a validated therapeutic target for combating drug-resistant tuberculosis. Inhibition of this enzyme has been featured as an efficient strategy for the development of new antimycobacterial agents against drug-resistant pathogens. In this study, we synthesised and explored two distinct series of squaric acid analogues designed to inhibit mycobacterial ATP synthase.
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