Long-term risk of death in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with substantial morbidity. Few studies have addressed the natural history and mortality rates associated with HS. A higher risk of cardiovascular death in patients with HS has been reported. We investigated whether patients with HS have an increased overall risk of death compared with age- and gender-matched referents.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, with incident HS between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2008, and age- and gender-matched referents. The main outcomes and measures were the overall and cause-specific risks of death.

Results: We identified 226 incident cases of HS and 678 age- and gender-matched referents among Olmsted County residents during the study period. Compared to referents, patients with HS had a significantly higher risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.53-4.03, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular- or cerebrovascular-related death (HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.10-7.40, P = 0.03). However, these risks were attenuated by adjusting for smoking history: all-cause HR, 1.65 (95% CI, 0.97-2.82, P = 0.07) and cardiovascular- or cerebrovascular-related HR, 2.03 (95% CI, 0.71-5.81, P = 0.18). The 71% of patients were former or current smokers at the time of HS diagnosis.

Conclusions: Hidradenitis suppurativa patients have a substantially increased risk of death from any cause, including cardiovascular or cerebrovascular causes; the risk is especially dependent on smoking history.