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Detection of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in wastewater samples: a wake-up call, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom, 2024.
Euro Surveill
January 2025
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), South Mimms (Potters Bar), United Kingdom.
In 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was detected in wastewater samples in Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK). All strains were genetically linked, but sequence analysis showed high genetic diversity among the strains identified within individual wastewater sites and countries and an unexpected high genetic proximity among isolates from different countries. Taken together these results, with sequential samples having tested positive in various sites, a broader geographic distribution beyond positive sampling sites must be considered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTracking acute flaccid paralysis in Niger: a half-decade epidemiological portrait (2016-2021).
BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Bureau de L'Organisation Mondiale de La Santé (OMS), Niamey, Niger.
Background: Recently, a total of 74 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks were detected in 39 countries, with 672 confirmed Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases identified in 27 countries. Despite progress, Niger experienced cVDPV outbreaks in 2018, highlighting the importance of maintaining AFP surveillance as a tool for polio eradication. This analysis aims to comprehensively assess AFP surveillance trends, patterns, and challenges in Niger, offering insights for public health initiatives in conflict-affected contexts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of polio vaccination status in a cohort of live births in 2017 and 2018 in Brazilian cities: a national vaccination coverage survey.
Epidemiol Serv Saude
January 2025
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Objective: To describe the polio vaccination status in 26 state capitals, the Federal District, and 12 municipalities in Brazil, among children born between 2017 and 2018.
Methods: This was a population-based household survey conducted from 2020 to 2022, which assessed polio vaccination coverage in children, considering valid, administered, and timely doses by municipality.
Results: Data were collected from 37,801 children.
Detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 from sewage samples and public health response, Poland, November to December 2024.
Euro Surveill
January 2025
Department for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Chief Sanitary Inspectorate, Warsaw, Poland.
In October and December 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was detected from two wastewater samples in Poland during routine environmental surveillance. The first isolate was characterised and matched previous cVDPV2 isolates detected in Spain in September, as well as in Germany, Finland, and the United Kingdom in November and December 2024. In response to the event, active surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) has been strengthened, and the frequency of environmental sample collection has been increased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMapping the HPV Landscape in South African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Viral Genotypes, Microbiota, and Immune Signals.
Viruses
December 2024
Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence, genotype distribution, and associations with cervicovaginal microbiota and cytokine profiles among South African women, where cervical cancer ranks as the second most common cancer. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were searched for studies on HPV infection up to 21 September 2024. The pooled prevalence was estimated using a random-effects model, with subgroup analyses by province, sample type, and HIV status.
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