Detailed Investigation of Factors Affecting the Synthesis of SiO@Au for the Enhancement of Raman Spectroscopy.

The reaction time, temperature, ratio of precursors, and concentration of sodium citrate are known as the main factors that affect the direct synthesis process of SiO@Au based on the chemical reaction of HAuCl4 and sodium citrate. Hence, we investigated, in detail, and observed that these factors played a crucial role in determining the shape and size of synthesized nanoparticles. The significant enhancement of the SERS signal corresponding to the fabrication conditions is an existing challenge. Our study results show that the optimal reaction conditions for the fabrication of SiO@Au are a 1:21 ratio of HAuCl to sodium citrate, with an initial concentration of sodium citrate of 4.2 mM, and a reaction time lasting longer than 6 h at a temperature of 80 °C. Under optimal conditions, our synthesis process result is SiO@Au nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 350 nm. In particular, the considerable enhancement of Raman intensities of SiO@Au compared to SiO particles was examined.