Phenolic profile, safety, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of wasted Bunium ferulaceum Sm. aerial parts.

The pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries benefit greatly from recycling and transforming non-utilized parts of medicinal plants from agro-industrial operations into value added products. Hence, the aim of this work was to study the potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications of Bunium ferulaceum Sm. aerial parts, in order to maximize their value. The phenolic profile of their hydromethanolic extract was determined and its antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo alongside with its anti-inflammatory activity and safety profile. The extract exerted an in vitro antioxidant activity mainly through radical scavenging (DPPH IC: 14.0 ± 0.3 µg/ml) and iron chelating ability (24 ± 2 µg/ml), while, in vivo, the extract did not cause any mortality or visible signs of acute toxicity at high dose (2000 mg/kg body weight). The supplementation of the extract at different doses improved mice liver redox state by increasing catalase and reduced glutathione levels and reducing lipid peroxidation, without causing any toxicity. Moreover, the extract efficiently inhibited xylene induced ear inflammation (62 %). These different bioactivities were linked to the phenolic compounds present in the extract, particularly, chlorogenic acid (78 ± 6 mg/g extract), rutin (44 ± 2 mg/g extract) and hesperidin (56 ± 9 mg/g extract). However, further studies should be carried out on the isolated major compounds found in the extract to correlate the activity with these compounds or their mixture. The wasted aerial parts of Bunium ferulaceum Sm. proved to be a valuable source of polyphenols and exhibited interesting health promoting effects with no toxicity. Thus, Bunium ferulaceum Sm. aerial parts can be included in nutraceutical formulations or used as functional food and the extracted compounds may be used as an alternative food preservative.