Semaphorins are a large family of secreted and/or transmembrane proteins, originally identified as proteins that function in axon guidance during neuronal development. However, semaphorins play crucial roles in other physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses, angiogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and cancer progression. Class IV semaphorins may be present as transmembrane and soluble forms and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review discusses recent progress on the roles of class IV semaphorins determined by clinical and experimental pathology studies.
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Semaphorin 3s signaling in the central nervous system: Mechanisms and therapeutic implication for brain diseases.
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Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Institute of Brain Science, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. Electronic address:
Class 3 semaphorins (Sema3s), identified as secreted soluble proteins, present many therapeutic potentials. Recent evidence has suggested that Sema3s as molecular cue participate in neuroregulation, angiogenesis, and microenvironment homeostasis of the central nervous system. Moreover, Sema3s signaling pathways may be targeted for enhancing neural network connectivity, promoting neural regeneration and repair, and inhibiting pathological angiogenesis.
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Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Gurugram University (A State Govt. University), Gurugram, Haryana, India. Electronic address:
Plexins are a family of transmembrane receptors known for their diverse roles in neural development, axon guidance, neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and circuit formation. Semaphorins are a class of secreted and membrane proteins that act as primary ligands for plexin receptors. Semaphorins play a crucial role in central nervous system (CNS) development by regulating processes such as axonal growth, neuronal positioning, and synaptic connectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of the axonal guidance cue Semaphorin3A in innervation of the postnatal heart in health and disease.
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Dept. of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
During cardiac development the heart is innervated by the autonomous nervous system. After development, neurons of the autonomic nervous system have limited capacity for growth and regeneration. However, in the past decades, it has become clear that cardiac nerves can regenerate after cardiac damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Role of Semaphorin 6D (Sema6D) in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer-A Preliminary Study on Human Plasma and Urine.
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The incidence of bladder cancer worldwide in the last three decades has been increasing in both men and women. So far, there is no established non-invasive bladder cancer biomarker in daily clinical practice. Semaphorin 6D (sema6D) is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the class VI semaphorins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn vivo interaction screening reveals liver-derived constraints to metastasis.
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It is estimated that only 0.02% of disseminated tumour cells are able to seed overt metastases. While this suggests the presence of environmental constraints to metastatic seeding, the landscape of host factors controlling this process remains largely unclear.
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