Use of predictive biomarkers plays a promising role in stratifying patients to a more effective medical treatment with less side effects. This review provides a brief overview in a Danish context of the potential of applying pharmacogenomics (PGx) including companion diagnostics (CDx) in daily clinical practice based on the current knowledge and regulation from the FDA and EMA, Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), PharmGKB (pharmacogenomics knowledge resource providing clinical dosing guidelines) and partly promedicin.dk. Also, the barriers to more widespread use are being addressed.
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JCI Insight
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States of America.
Spatial profiling of tissues promises to elucidate tumor-microenvironment interactions and generate prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We analyzed single-cell, spatial data from three multiplex imaging technologies: cyclic immunofluorescence (CycIF) data we generated from 102 breast cancer patients with clinical follow-up, and publicly available imaging mass cytometry and multiplex ion-beam imaging datasets. Similar single-cell phenotyping results across imaging platforms enabled combined analysis of epithelial phenotypes to delineate prognostic subtypes among estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTarget Oncol
January 2025
Hematology-Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000, rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Background: BERIL-1 was a randomized phase 2 study that studied paclitaxel with either buparlisib, a pan-class I PIK3 inhibitor, or placebo in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Considering the therapeutic paradigm shift with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) now approved in the first-line setting, we present an updated immunogenomic analysis of patients enrolled in BERIL-1, including patients with immune-infiltrated tumors.
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify biomarkers predictive of treatment efficacy in the context of the post-ICI therapeutic landscape.
Discov Oncol
January 2025
The Department of Experimental Medicine, Meishan City People's Hospital, No. 288, South Fourth Section, Dongpo Avenue, Meishan, 620000, Sichuan, China.
Background: Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is the most common cancer of the endocrine system. Natural killer (NK) cell play an important role in tumor immune surveillance. The aim of this study was to explore the possible molecular mechanisms involved in NK cell in THCA to help the management and treatment of the disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
January 2025
Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Galala Plateau, Galala University, 15888), Attaka, Suez Governorate, Egypt.
Leukemia covers a broad category of cancer malignancies that specifically affect bone marrow and blood cells. While different kinds of leukemia have been identified, effective treatments are still lacking for most forms, and even those treatments considered effective can lead to relapses. MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are short endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNAs that help control the epigenetics of gene expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gastrointest Cancer
January 2025
Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Early identification is rare, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) of less than 10%. Advances in the understanding of PDAC tumor biology are needed to improve these outcomes.
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