Recent advances in morphology, aperture control, functional control and electrochemical sensors applications of carbon nanofibers.

Among many nanomaterials, electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have become one of the hot spots in nanoscience research because of their interesting physicochemical and biological properties such as large specific surface area, easy functionalization and biocompatibility. Polyacrylonitrile（PAN) has also become the most widely used precursor fiber for CNF manufacturing. In this paper, the latest advances in the synthesis of CNF by electrospinning were reviewed, including using template method, heat treatment, coaxial spinning technology to control the morphology and aperture, as well as the functionalization of electrospinning doped with chemical substances such as heteroatoms, nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and grapheme (Gr), in order to further expand its application scope. The application of electrospun CNFs as electrochemical sensing platform for toxic and harmful substances in food and environment was also briefly introduced.