Optical tweezers are widely used to investigate biomolecules and biomolecular interactions. In these investigations, the biomolecules of interest are typically coupled to microscopic beads that can be optically trapped. Since high-intensity laser beams are required to trap such microscopic beads, laser-induced heating due to optical absorption is typically unavoidable. This chapter discusses how to identify, quantify, and control thermal effects in optical tweezers. We provide a brief overview of the reported causes and effects of unwanted heating in optical tweezers systems. Specific details are provided on methods to perform a temperature-independent trap calibration procedure. Finally, an effective temperature-control system is presented, and we discuss the operation of this system as well as the methods to measure the temperature at the optically trapped particle.
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