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Falling racial inequality and rising educational inequality in US prison admissions for drug, violent, and property crimes.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Sociology and Criminology, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208.
Using administrative and survey data, we show that there has been a sea change in the contours of American imprisonment. At the end of the twentieth century, inequality in the prison admission rates of Black and White Americans was comparable to inequality in the prison admission rates of people with and without a college education. However, educational inequality is now much greater than racial inequality in prison admissions for all major crime types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding and Managing Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections in Vesicoureteral Reflux: Insights Into Pathophysiology and Care.
Cureus
December 2024
General Practice, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a pediatric condition identified by the backward flow of urine from the bladder to one or both ureters and kidneys, predisposing patients to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and kidney scarring. Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis has long been a mainstay of management aimed at preventing recurrent UTIs and resulting renal damage. This review critically discusses the evidence supporting the utilization of antibiotic prophylaxis in VUR, with a focus on its efficacy, safety, long-term outcomes, and future directions in management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaternity behind and beyond bars: analysis from the perspective of protection bioethics.
Rev Bras Enferm
January 2025
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Objective: to analyze how motherhood is expressed in female prison units from the perspective of Bioethics of Protection.
Method: qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, developed in two women's prison units. Participantes were: six mothers deprived of liberty, 15 health professionals, and nine prison officers.
Family Incarceration and Mental Health Among 101,417 Affected Families: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis.
Trauma Violence Abuse
January 2025
Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Most if not all previous evidence focused primarily on psychological disorders of prisoners/ex-prisoners, whereas the secondary trauma symptoms across the whole family await clarification. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the associations between exposure to family incarceration and psychiatric symptoms and moderators of the associations. This systemic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines (CRD42023495095).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Formerly incarcerated individuals (FIIs) encounter difficulties with covering the cost of dental and medical care, adhering to medication regimens, and receiving fair treatment from health care providers. Yet, no published research has examined modifiable pathways to increase FIIs' health literacy (HL), which is essential for addressing the health needs of this vulnerable population.
Objective: The aim of this article is to examine neighborhood characteristics (neighborhood deprivation, racial and economic polarization, and residential segregation) and public assistance program enrollment as structural determinants of limited health literacy (LHL) among FIIs.
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