While vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of blindness globally, it is uncommon in the developed world. Here we describe the unique presentation of a young man in the United States with keratomalacia from vitamin A deficiency related to pancreatic insufficiency. The patient presented with bilateral blurry vision that persisted for two weeks, significant unintentional weight loss, orthostatic hypotension, and profuse diarrhea. Upon slit-lamp examination, bilateral corneal opacities were appreciated. After completing additional testing, it became clear that the patient's corneal opacities were related to vitamin A deficiency from pancreatic insufficiency.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27569 | DOI Listing |
Curr Top Dev Biol
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address:
Retinoids, particularly all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including development, immune response, and reproduction, by regulating gene transcription through nuclear receptors. This review explores the biosynthetic pathways, homeostatic mechanisms, and the significance of retinoid-binding proteins in maintaining ATRA levels. It highlights the intricate balance required for ATRA homeostasis, emphasizing that both excess and deficiency can lead to severe developmental and health consequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Sports Physiol Perform
January 2025
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Unlabelled: Iron and vitamin D are essential for physiological mechanisms underpinning physical capacities characterizing team-sport performance. Yet, the impact of iron deficiency on physical capacities beyond endurance is not clear.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess variations in seasonal micronutrient concentrations and how iron deficiency impacts external-load measures in elite female rugby league players.
J Sci Food Agric
January 2025
School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia.
In recent years, changes in dietary patterns from an omnivore diet to a moderate-to-restrictive diet that includes more plant food are becoming popular for various reasons and the associated health benefits. Despite the increased consumption of plant food as recommended by these seemingly healthy diets, micronutrient deficiency is still prevalent particularly among the health-conscious populations. The aim of this review is to help guide interventions by understanding micronutrient deficiency trends from a dietary habit and plant physiology context.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProbl Endokrinol (Mosk)
November 2024
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body. About 99% of calcium is deposited in the bones in the form of hydroxyapatite and only 1% is located in the intracellular and extracellular fluid. Ionized calcium, which makes up about 50% of the total amount of circulating calcium, is biologically active; the remaining percentage is bound to plasma proteins (40%, of which albumin accounts for 90%, and globulins for 10%), or is in complex with anions (10%) such as citrate, lactate, bicarbonate, phosphate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Food Sci Technol
February 2025
Department of Food Processing and Quality Control, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamilnadu India.
Pharmaceutical supplementation and dietary fortification are the most common approaches to reducing vitamin deficits. To improve the health and nutritional value of crops, agronomic biofortification necessitates the direct application of nutrients. Producers using micronutrient fertilizers to increase the fortification of crops are essential to the success of biofortification.
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