On 24 February 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine. The fighting has already caused unimaginable conditions and millions of people were forced to flee their homes. For decades, conflicts have been linked to environmental pollution, exposure to radioactivity and heavy metals as well as infectious diseases. The invasion may cause specific environmental risks, like the release of radioactive substances from nuclear power plants and contaminated soils. Because international collaboration is one of the most effective ways to address environmental problems, it is critical to establish scientific bodies within a global framework to identify concrete actions and tangible measures to provide immediate assistance to citizens. This commentary discusses the above issues from lessons learned from the past wars and the way forward in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Introduction: Physician Assistant/Associate (PA) clinicians face a major learning curve when transitioning from patient provider to PA educator. Furthermore, PA educators juggle multiple responsibilities including teaching, grading, advising, mentoring, interviewing, researching, writing, and more. Recently published research has indicated that 52.
Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common but underdiagnosed and undertreated health condition and is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. HBV (rated a Grade 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer) drives the transformation of hepatocytes in multiple ways by inducing viral DNA integrations, genetic dysregulation, chromosomal translocations, chronic inflammation, and oncogenic pathways facilitated by some HBV proteins. Importantly, these mechanisms are active throughout all phases of HBV infection.
Since the introduction of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2016, countries have successfully scaled-up PrEP to populations at risk of HIV acquisition, including key populations, serodiscordant couples and pregnant women. Between 2016 and 2023, there were over 5.6 million oral PrEP initiations globally.
Background: Convenience, privacy, and cost-effectiveness associated with web-based data collection have facilitated the recent expansion of web-based survey research. Importantly, however, practical benefits of web-based survey research, to scientists and participants alike, are being overshadowed by the dramatic rise in suspicious and fraudulent survey submissions. Misinformation associated with survey fraud compromises data quality and data integrity with important implications for scientific conclusions, clinical practice, and social benefit.
The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is an important economic safety net for many working families across America. Enacted in 1975, the credit provides credit to low- and moderate-income households with labor income. Receipt of the EITC has been demonstrated to provide substantial benefits to direct recipients, benefits that cascade intergenerationally, and benefits for communities in which recipients reside.
