A prospective, randomized assessment of a novel, local antibiotic releasing platform for the prevention of superficial and deep surgical site infections.

Background: Despite significant advances in infection control guidelines and practices, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a substantial cause of morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality among patients having both elective and emergent surgeries. D-PLEX is a novel, antibiotic-eluting polymer-lipid matrix that supplies a high, local concentration of doxycycline for the prevention of superficial and deep SSIs. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of D-PLEX in addition to standard of care (SOC) in preventing superficial and deep surgical site infections for patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

Methods: From October 10, 2018 to October 6, 2019, as part of a Phase 2 clinical trial, we randomly assigned 202 patients who had scheduled elective colorectal surgery to receive either standard of care SSI prophylaxis or D-PLEX in addition to standard of care. The primary objective was to assess the efficacy of D-PLEX in superficial and deep SSI reduction, as measured by the incidence of SSIs within 30 days, as adjudicated by both an individual assessor and a three-person endpoint adjudication committee, all of whom were blinded to study-group assignments. Safety was assessed by the stratification and incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events.

Results: One hundred and seventy-nine patients were evaluated in the per protocol population, 88 in the intervention arm [51 males, 37 females, median age (64.0 range: 19-92) years] and 91 in the control arm [57 males, 34 females, median age 64.5 (range: 21-88) years]. The SSI rate within 30 day post-index surgery revealed a 64% relative risk reduction in SSI rate in the D-PLEX plus standard of care (SOC) group [n = 7/88 (8%)] vs SOC alone [n = 20/91 (22%)]; p = 0.0115. There was no significant difference in treatment-emergent adverse events.

Conclusions: D-PLEX application leads to a statistically significant reduction in superficial and deep surgical site infections in this colorectal clinical model without any associated increase in adverse events.