Objective: To explore the contamination characteristics of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formulas sold in Beijing in 2021, and to evaluate the exposure risk of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters for infants and toldders aged 0-36 months old.
Methods: The contents of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formula samples were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with deuterated internal standards. Combined with the recommended consumption of infant formulas, the exposure level of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months was calculated.
Results: The detection rate of 3-chloropropane-1, 2-diol esters(3-MCPDE), 2-chloropropane-1, 3-diol esters(2-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters in infant formulas were 98.6%, 97.1% and 95.7%, respectively. The average contents of 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and glycidyl esters were 44.54, 15.65 and 12.65 μg/kg. For infant of each age groups, the daily intakes of 3-MCPDE via infant formulas by each infant groups were 0.28-0.90 μg/(kg BW), which were all lower than the tolerable daily intake(TDI, 2 μg/(kg BW));the daily intakes of 2-MCPDE via infant formulas by each infant groups were 0.10-0.29 μg/(kg BW);the exposure levels of glycidyl were 0.08-0.22 μg/(kg BW), and the margin of exposure(MOE) values were all higher than 25 000.
Conclusion: Chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in infant formulas sold in Beijing from 2021 were less polluted and their intake was within the safe range.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.04.024 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Investigating the role of adsorbent type and ratio in mitigating 3-MCPD and GE formation during the inhibition of palm oil chemical interesterification via earth treatment.
Food Chem
February 2025
Manisa Celal Bayar University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Manisa, Turkiye. Electronic address:
This study examined the potential to mitigate 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) during the inhibition phase of chemical interesterification in refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm olein oil. Two types of bleaching earth, natural and acid-activated, were used at concentrations ranging from 3% to 6%, and their impact on ester formation was evaluated. Chemical interesterification and adsorption treatments significantly improved oil quality and reduced ester levels (p < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidol in palm oil: A review on current industrial-scale mitigation strategies, challenges and perspectives.
Food Res Int
February 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Plant Oils Research Laboratory (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address:
Glycidyl ester (GE) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester (3-MCPDE) are food contaminants formed during edible oil refining. Due to their potential human carcinogenicity, the European Commission has established regulatory limits for vegetable oil, including palm oil. While laboratory-scale studies have shown promising reductions, large-scale implementation remains challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Detection and exposure risk assessment of chloropropanol ester and glycidyl ester in infant formula milk powder].
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu
January 2025
Health Inspection Center, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Hangzhou Health Supervision Institution), Hangzhou 310021, China.
Objective: To investigate the contamination level of chloropropanols esters(MCPDEs) and glycidyl esters(GEs) in infant milk powder, and to assess the risk of exposure to MCPDEs and GEs in infant formula milk powder in Hangzhou.
Methods: Non-derivatization gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS) was used to detect MCPDEs in 73 samples of commercially available infant milk powder, including 3-chlorine-1, 2-propylene glycol ester, 3-MCPDE), 2-monochloropropane-1, 3 diol esters(2-MCPDE) and GEs. Dietary exposure assessment of chloropropanols esters and glycidyl esters were evaluated by evaluation method and margin of exposure(MOE) respectively.
Tailoring amino-functionalized n-alkyl methacrylate ester-based bio-hybrids for adsorption of methyl orange dye: Controllable macromolecular architecture via polysaccharide-integrated ternary copolymerization.
Int J Biol Macromol
April 2025
Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Soft Materials Research Laboratory, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:
Controllable macromolecular architecture formation via polysaccharide integrated ternary copolymerization was explored in the design of amino-functionalized n-alkyl methacrylate ester-based biohybrids. Ternary poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate-co-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)/sodium-alginate, PDGH/ALG, hybrids were designed using anionic polysaccharide through in-situ radical polymerization. An insight into the effect of ALG on physicochemical structure of ternary hybrids, particularly the interactions between polymeric chains, was created.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Network Construction of a New Byproduct-Free XLPE-Based Insulation Using a Click Chemistry-Type Reaction and a Theoretical Study of the Reaction Mechanism.
Polymers (Basel)
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is applied in most advanced high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) power cable insulations, which are produced via dicumyl peroxide (DCP) technology. The electrical conductivity of insulation material can be increased by cross-linking byproducts from the DCP process. Hence, currently much attention is being paid to a new process to produce cross-linking byproduct-free XLPE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!