The investigations have shown presence of HBsAg in the blood sera of 4% of alcohol abusers and in 17.7% of chronic alcoholics. Among 274 patients with acute viral hepatitis A, more than 50% abuse alcohol. The study has revealed that the lipid spectrum has its specific features in hepatitis patients abusing alcohol and chronically addicted to it. Among patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver, the combined effects of hepatitis B virus and alcohol have been revealed in 50%.
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Drug Development.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU, New York City, NY, USA.
Background: Astrocytes, a major glial cell in the central nervous system (CNS), can become reactive in response to inflammation or injury, and release toxic factors that kill specific subtypes of neurons. Over the past several decades, many groups report that reactive astrocytes are present in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, reactive astrocyte sub-types most associated with these diseases are now reported to be present during CNS cancers of several types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often experience burdensome neuropsychiatric symptoms, including agitation which occurs in both home and long-term care (LTC) facilities, and is associated with substantial increases in caregiver burden and LTC placements. AXS-05 (45-mg dextromethorphan/105-mg bupropion), a novel, oral NMDA receptor antagonist and sigma-1 receptor agonist, approved by the FDA for major depressive disorder, is being investigated for treatment of AD agitation (ADA). AXS-05 has been evaluated in 2 randomized, double-blind studies: Phase 2 ADVANCE-1 (NCT03226522); Phase 3 ACCORD (NCT04797715).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) associated with amyloid precursor protein (APP) duplications or presenilin (PSEN) variants increases risk of seizures. Targeting epileptiform activity with antiseizure medicine (ASM) administration to AD patients may beneficially attenuate cognitive decline (Vossel et al, JAMA Neurology 2021). However, whether mechanistically distinct ASMs differentially suppress seizures in discrete EOAD models is understudied (Lehmann et al, Neurochem Res 2021).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Understanding the fundamental differences between the human and pre-human brain is a prerequisite for designing meaningful models and therapies for AD. Expressed CHRFAM7A, a human restricted gene with carrier frequency of 75% in the human population predicts profound translational significance.
Method: The physiological role of CHRFAM7A in human brain is explored using multiomics approach on 600 post mortem human brain tissue samples (ROSMAP).
Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
RWJ Barnabas Health, West Orange, NJ, USA.
Background: Effect and Safety of Electroconvulsive Therapy plus Usual Care for the Acute Management of Severe Agitation in Dementia (ECT-AD) is a multi-site NIA-funded FDA-regulated pioneering clinical trial to investigate the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating severe and treatment-refractory agitation and aggression among individuals with advanced dementia, a condition that has a profound negative impact on patient quality of life and caregiver burden. Here we present baseline demographics of the patient population in this ongoing trial.
Method: To date we have enrolled 18 participants, with a mean age of 74.
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