Appeal: the protection of ancient tree species around the world, taking qilian juniper () as an example.

(the Qilian juniper) is a dominant species in the northeast region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As such, it is of great significance for maintaining the balance and long-term stability of the ecosystem in this biodiversity hotspot. In this paper, we review the literature related to published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science. Here, we summarize the main research achievements with regard to this species from ten aspects: tree morphology and phenology, population structure and life history, radial growth and climate response, tree-ring chronology-based history reconstruction, soil physical and chemical properties, chemical composition and activity, physiological ecology, biogeography, breeding and propagation techniques, and occurrence and control of diseases and pests. Considering the ecological importance and research value of , as well as the shrinking population size, we discuss future research prospects and directions for the conservation of from four aspects: global climate change, human disturbance, tree regeneration, and pest control. This work provides an important reference for conservation studies of alpine tree species in other biodiversity hotspots around the world.