Individual differences in exploratory behavior have been found across a range of taxa and are thought to contribute to evolutionary fitness. Animals that explore more of a novel environment and visit areas of high predation risk are considered bold, whereas animals with the opposite behavioral pattern are shy. Here, we determined whether this bimodal characterization of bold versus shy adequately captures the breadth of behavioral variation in zebrafish or if there are more than these two subtypes. To identify behavioral categories, we applied unsupervised machine to three-dimensional swim traces from over 400 adult zebrafish across four strains (AB, TL, TU, and WIK) and both sexes. We found that behavior stratified into four distinct clusters: previously described bold and shy behavior and two new behavioral types we call wall-huggers and active explorers. Clusters were stable across time and influenced by strain and sex where we found that TLs were shy, female TU fish were bold, male TU fish were active explorers, and male ABs were wall-huggers. Our work suggests that zebrafish exploratory behavior has greater complexity than previously recognized and lays the groundwork for the use of zebrafish in understanding the biological basis of individual differences in behavior.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.059443 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol
January 2025
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
The open field test (OFT) is frequently used in research to assess anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity. Its simple design can lead to the misconception that it is a standardized procedure comparable between laboratories. However, some modifications in the setup can cause changes in behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Rheum Dis
January 2025
School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Background: In Chinese intervention studies, the lack of specific self-care scales based on the functional characteristics of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients has caused patients and researchers to spend a great deal of time completing multiple related scales during the research work. Therefore, the arthritis Self-Care Behaviors Scale (SCBS) was developed to evaluate the self-care behavior of patients with arthritis.
Objective: The objectives of this study were to translate the SCBS into Chinese and test its psychometric properties in Chinese patients with RA.
J Eval Clin Pract
February 2025
Institute of the History of Medicine and Ethics in Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Rationale: To meet concerns about ethical and unethical behavior in their work environments and workplaces, organizations began establishing ethics programs that contain ethics committees (ECs). There is now a tradition and diverse use of ECs for ethical decision-making in many different organizational settings. In addition, ECs have been subject to many publications in books and articles in the scientific literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPak J Med Sci
January 2025
Mohammad A. Algarni, Ph.D Faculty of Economic and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Objective: The study aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of ethical leadership questionnaire (ELQ) by using a healthcare professional sample in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a total of 387 healthcare professionals completed the 15-items ELQ questionnaire between 18 October, 2023 and 17 January, 2024. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and a reliability test were performed on the obtained data.
SSM Qual Res Health
December 2024
Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Nicotine and tobacco use disproportionally affects sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in the United States. Social media narratives may contribute to these disparities. This qualitative study delineated perceptions and experiences depicted in SGM-related videos about nicotine vaping on TikTok.
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