AI Article Synopsis

  • Most neuroimaging studies typically normalize brain data to find common activation patterns, which can overlook significant individual differences in brain structure and function.
  • A new approach, focusing on person-specific and precision imaging methods, emphasizes examining these individual differences and their relevance to behavior, often using extensive data collection per participant.
  • This review highlights the potential of these innovative methodologies to reveal deeper insights into brain organization and behavior connections in cognitive neuroscience while also addressing current limitations and future research directions.

Article Abstract

Most neuroimaging studies of brain function analyze data in normalized space to identify regions of common activation across participants. These studies treat interindividual differences in brain organization as noise, but this approach can obscure important information about the brain's functional architecture. Recently, a number of studies have adopted a person-specific approach that aims to characterize these individual differences and explore their reliability and implications for behavior. A subset of these studies has taken a precision imaging approach that collects multiple hours of data from each participant to map brain function on a finer scale. In this review, we provide a broad overview of how person-specific and precision imaging techniques have used resting-state measures to examine individual differences in the brain's organization and their impact on behavior, followed by how task-based activity continues to add detail to these discoveries. We argue that person-specific and precision approaches demonstrate substantial promise in uncovering new details of the brain's functional organization and its relationship to behavior in many areas of cognitive neuroscience. We also discuss some current limitations in this new field and some new directions it may take.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119589DOI Listing

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