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Early Optimal Parenteral Nutrition During NICU Stay and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants: State of the Art.
Nutrients
January 2025
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Background: Preterm infants (PIs) are more susceptible to neurodevelopmental impairment compared with term newborns. Adequate postnatal growth has been associated with improved neurocognitive outcomes; therefore, optimization of nutrition may positively impact the neurodevelopment of PIs.
Objective: This study focused on macronutrient parenteral nutrition (PN) intake during the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay and their associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes in PIs in the first two years of life.
Early Polytherapy for Probably Benzodiazepine Refractory Naïve Status Epilepticus (Stage 1 Plus).
Neurol Int
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy.
Stage 1 Plus is defined here as a naïve, previously untreated, status epilepticus (SE) that is probably refractory to Benzodiazepines (BDZ). These cases include not only prolonged SE as previously proposed by the author (SE lasting > 10 min) but also other cases notoriously associated with BDZ refractoriness such as the absence of prominent motor phenomena and acute etiology (especially primary central nervous system etiology). Interestingly, the absence of prominent motor phenomena as is the case of non convulsive SE might implicitly fall in the category of prolonged SE due to the delay in recognition and treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSyllable as a Synchronization Mechanism That Makes Human Speech Possible.
Brain Sci
December 2024
Department of Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Chandler House 2 Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PF, UK.
Speech is a highly skilled motor activity that shares a core problem with other motor skills: how to reduce the massive degrees of freedom (DOF) to the extent that the central nervous control and learning of complex motor movements become possible. It is hypothesized in this paper that a key solution to the DOF problem is to eliminate most of the temporal degrees of freedom by synchronizing concurrent movements, and that this is performed in speech through the syllable-a mechanism that synchronizes consonantal, vocalic, and laryngeal gestures. Under this hypothesis, syllable articulation is enabled by three basic mechanisms: target approximation, edge-synchronization, and tactile anchoring.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells into neuron-like cells exhibiting electrophysiological activity.
Stem Cell Res Ther
January 2025
Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, 48940, Spain.
Background And Aim: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) constitute a promising alternative for central nervous system (CNS) cell therapy. Unlike other human stem cells, hDPSCs can be differentiated, without genetic modification, to neural cells that secrete neuroprotective factors. However, a better understanding of their real capacity to give rise to functional neurons and integrate into synaptic networks is still needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA neuromechanics solution for adjustable robot compliance and accuracy.
Sci Robot
January 2025
Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies, Department of Computer Engineering, Automation and Robotics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Robots have to adjust their motor behavior to changing environments and variable task requirements to successfully operate in the real world and physically interact with humans. Thus, robotics strives to enable a broad spectrum of adjustable motor behavior, aiming to mimic the human ability to function in unstructured scenarios. In humans, motor behavior arises from the integrative action of the central nervous system and body biomechanics; motion must be understood from a neuromechanics perspective.
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