Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia.
Published: August 2022
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Unlabelled: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen that can transmit from dromedary camels to humans, causing severe pneumonia, with a 35% mortality rate. Vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in mice, camels, and humans. Previously, we developed a vaccine based on the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) viral vector, encoding a full-length spike protein of MERS-CoV, MVA-MERS. Here, we report the immunogenicity of high-dose MVA-MERS in prime-boost vaccinations in mice and camels.
Methods: Three groups of mice were immunised with MVA wild-type (MVA-wt) and MVA-MERS (MVA-wt/MVA-MERS), MVA-MERS/MVA-wt, or MVA-MERS/MVA-MERS. Camels were immunised with two doses of PBS, MVA-wt, or MVA-MERS. Antibody (Ab) responses were evaluated using ELISA and MERS pseudovirus neutralisation assays.
Results: Two high doses of MVA-MERS induced strong Ab responses in both mice and camels, including neutralising antibodies. Anti-MVA Ab responses did not affect the immune responses to the vaccine antigen (MERS-CoV spike).
Conclusions: MVA-MERS vaccine, administered in a homologous prime-boost regimen, induced high levels of neutralising anti-MERS-CoV antibodies in mice and camels. This could be considered for further development and evaluation as a dromedary vaccine to reduce MERS-CoV transmission to humans.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is one of the major viral arthropod-borne diseases in Africa. In recent decades, RVF virus (RVFV), the causative agent of RVF, has been responsible for multiple outbreaks in West Africa with important consequences on human and animal health. In particular, an outbreak occurred in 2010 after heavy rains in the desertic region of Adrar, Mauritania.
MERS-CoV is a serious virus with a 36% death rate in humans, and there's currently no vaccine or treatment approved for use in humans or camels.
Researchers developed special miniproteins that effectively bind to and neutralize various forms of the MERS-CoV spike protein, which is crucial for the virus's ability to infect cells.
Testing in mice showed that administering one of these miniproteins intranasally can protect against MERS-CoV infection, suggesting potential for further clinical development as a new preventive measure against this virus.
Background: Hemoprotozoan diseases, especially trypanosomosis and theileriosis, adversely affect the productivity, growth, and performance of camels. Regular sampling and investigation of camels are challenging due to several factors. Consequently, there is a lack of knowledge on camel parasite genotyping, cytokine production, and oxidative stress parameters during infection.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Mashreq, Baghdad, 10023, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt. Electronic address:
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a prominent infectious etiological agent in humans, dairy animals, and camels. Camel milk has all the nutrients which are nutritious and advantageous to the growth of S.
The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) are considered promising targets for HPV-related cancers. In this study, we evaluated novel T cell receptor mimic (TCRm) nanobodies targeting the E6 peptide complexed with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A∗02:01 in the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) format. We isolated two dromedary camel nanobodies, F5 and G9, through phage display screening.
