The Importance of Sociocultural Factors in Moderating the Applicability of Test-Enhanced Learning to Continuing Professional Development.

Many studies have shown that repeated testing promotes learning, an effect known as test-enhanced learning. Although test-enhanced learning has been well-established within health care trainees, there are mixed findings of whether testing facilitates learning within continuing professional development (CPD) contexts. This piece argues that for testing to support learning in CPD, there is need to understand the various social, cultural, and structural factors that influence clinicians' willingness to participate in regular testing activities. The solution to this problem is conceptual in nature, whereby CPD programs must consider how learning cultures shape practicing clinicians' perspectives toward testing.