Select octogenarians with stage IIIa non-small cell lung cancer can benefit from trimodality therapy.

Objectives: Currently, more than 36% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer are 75 years of age or older. Management of stage IIIA cancer is variable, especially for octogenarians who might not be offered surgery because of questionable benefit. In this study we investigated the outcomes of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CR) and trimodality therapy (TM) management (CR and surgery) for clinical stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients 80 years of age or older.

Methods: The National Cancer Data Base was queried for stage IIIA NSCLC in patients 80 years of age or older between 2004 and 2015. Patients were divided according to treatment type: definitive CR and TM. Patient demographic characteristics, facility type, Charlson-Deyo score, final tumor pathology, and survival data were extracted. Univariate analysis was performed, followed by 3:1 propensity matching to analyze overall survival differences. Unadjusted and adjusted Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed.

Results: From the database, 6048 CR and 190 TM octogenarians were identified. Patients in the TM group were younger (82 years old [TM] vs 83 years old [CR];  < .0001), more likely to be treated at an academic/research institution (36% [TM] vs 26% [CR];  = .003), had greater proportion of adenocarcinoma (52% [TM] vs 34% [CR];  < .001), and a smaller tumor size (38 mm [TM] vs 33 mm [CR];  = .025). After 3:1 matching, the 5-year overall survival for the TM group was 29% (95% CI, 22%-38%) versus 15% (95% CI, 11%-20%) for the CR group.

Conclusions: Selected elderly patients with stage IIIa NSCLC can benefit from an aggressive TM approach.