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Handedness is associated with less common input to spinal motor neurons innervating different hand muscles. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • This study investigates how neural control differs between dominant and nondominant hands by examining motor neurons and their synaptic inputs in two tasks: isometric pinch and rotation.
  • Seventeen participants performed both tasks at 30% effort, and motor units were analyzed using high-density electromyography from different muscles.
  • Findings suggest that during the isometric rotation task, the dominant hand has less common synaptic input between motor neurons of different muscles compared to the nondominant hand, potentially allowing for greater flexibility in motor unit recruitment.

Article Abstract

Whether the neural control of manual behaviors differs between the dominant and nondominant hand is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the level of common synaptic input to motor neurons innervating the same or different muscles differs between the dominant and the nondominant hand. Seventeen participants performed two motor tasks with distinct mechanical requirements: an isometric pinch and an isometric rotation of a pinched dial. Each task was performed at 30% of maximum effort and was repeated with the dominant and nondominant hand. Motor units were identified from two intrinsic (flexor digitorum interosseous and thenar) and one extrinsic muscle (flexor digitorum superficialis) from high-density surface electromyography recordings. Two complementary approaches were used to estimate common synaptic inputs. First, we calculated the coherence between groups of motor neurons from the same and from different muscles. Then, we estimated the common input for all pairs of motor neurons by correlating the low-frequency oscillations of their discharge rate. Both analyses led to the same conclusion, indicating less common synaptic input between motor neurons innervating different muscles in the dominant hand than in the nondominant hand, which was only observed during the isometric rotation task. No between-side differences in common input were observed between motor neurons of the same muscle. This lower level of common input could confer higher flexibility in the recruitment of motor units, and therefore, in mechanical outputs. Whether this difference between the dominant and nondominant arm is the cause or the consequence of handedness remains to be determined. How the neural control of manual behaviors differs between the dominant and nondominant hand remains poorly understood. This study shows that there is less common synaptic input between motor neurons innervating different muscles in the dominant than in the nondominant hand during isometric rotation tasks. This lower level of common input could confer higher flexibility in the recruitment of motor units.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00237.2022DOI Listing

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