Enhancing Gas Solubility in Water via Femtosecond Laser-Induced Plasma.

The generation of laser-induced plasma at the gas-liquid interface provides many fundamental and interesting scientific phenomena such as ionization, sharp explosion, shock wave radiation, bubble creation, and water splitting. However, despite the extensive research in this area, there is no reference on the effect of the surrounding environment on the chemical processes that occur during the laser-induced plasma-water interaction. In this work, we investigate the effect of the surrounding gas environment on femtosecond laser-induced plasma when generated at the pure water-gas interface. Ultrashort laser pulses were applied to water in the presence of air and N and Ar gas environments. Formation of a significant number of nitrate-based species in water was observed after exposure to femtosecond laser-induced plasma in air and N environments. The detected NO ions formed in the laser-treated water led to the appearance of an absorption peak in the UV range, a significant decrease in the water pH value, and a significant increase in water's electrical conductivity. All induced properties of water were stable for 3 months of monitoring after laser treatment. Our work shows that the generation of laser-induced plasma in water propagating into a gaseous medium facilitates the interaction between the two media, as a result of which the compositions of substances present in the gaseous medium can be dissolved in water without increasing the gas pressure. The presented approach may find applications in areas such as water purification, material synthesis, and environmental stewardship.