Assessment of biological community in riparian zone contaminated by PAHs: Linking source apportionment to biodiversity.

Sci Total Environ

Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China. Electronic address:

Published: December 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • The research focuses on the impact of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on biological communities in the riparian groundwater of the Beiluo River in China, highlighting the importance of this land-water interface for ecological health.
  • Environmental DNA metabarcoding was used to assess the distribution of various communities (like bacteria, fungi, and metazoans) and their correlation with PAH contamination, revealing that certain PAHs adversely affect community diversity.
  • The study concludes that while the ecological risk from PAHs is generally low to medium, lower molecular weight and medium molecular weight PAHs represent a greater risk to the biological communities compared to higher molecular weight compounds.

Article Abstract

Riparian zone, an important land-water interface, plays an essential role in maintaining the ecological health of rivers, whereas the effects of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the health of biological communities in riparian groundwater remain undetermined. To understand the responses of multiple communities to environmental variables, the distribution and ecosystem risk of 16 PAHs have been investigated in the Beiluo River, China. The distribution of multiple communities in riparian groundwater was investigated by environmental DNA metabarcoding, including 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and COI gene sequencing for bacteria, microbial eukaryotes (including algae, fungi, and protozoa), and metazoan, respectively, followed by correlation analysis between multiple communities and PAH contamination levels. The concentration of PAHs in the Beiluo River ranged largely from 35.32 to 728.59 ng/L. Here, the Shannon's diversity index of bacteria (Firmicutes) decreased possibly due to the occurrence of Pyrene, which mainly derives from coal and biomass combustion. Furthermore, the reduced richness of fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) and algae (Chlorophyta, Chrysophyceae) can be attributed to the presence of medium molecular weight (MMW) PAHs (Pyrene, Benz(a)anthracene, Chrysene), and low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs (Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene). The richness and Shannon's diversity index of metazoan (Arthropoda) were promoted owing to MMW PAHs (Chrysene, Fluoranthene) generated from coal and biomass combustion and traffic emission. The ecological risk of PAHs in the groundwater environment of the Beiluo River was characterized as low to medium, where LMW and MMW PAHs posed higher risk than the high molecular weight (HMW) compounds. Overall, this study provides insights into the structures of riparian multi-biological communities altered by PAHs.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158121DOI Listing

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