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Estimating the population-level prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from latrine samples. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Background: Logistical and economic barriers hamper community-level surveillance for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in low-income countries. Latrines are commonly used in these settings and offer a low-cost source of surveillance samples. It is unclear, however, whether antimicrobial resistance prevalence estimates from latrine samples reflect estimates generated from randomly sampled people.

Methods: We compared the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from stool samples of people residing in randomly selected households within Kibera-an informal urban settlement in Kenya-to estimates from latrine samples within the same community. Fecal samples were collected between November 2015 and Jan 2016. Presumptive Escherichia coli isolates were collected from each household stool sample (n = 24) and each latrine sample (n = 48), resulting in 8935 and 8210 isolates, respectively. Isolates were tested for resistance to nine antibiotics using the replica-plating technique. Correlation- and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) tests were used to compare results.

Results: Overall, the prevalence values obtained from latrine samples closely reflected those from stool samples, particularly for low-prevalence (< 15%) resistance phenotypes. Similarly, the distribution of resistance phenotypes was similar between latrine and household samples (r > 0.6; K-S p-values > 0.05).

Conclusions: Although latrine samples did not perfectly estimate household antimicrobial resistance prevalence, they were highly correlated and thus could be employed as low-cost samples to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance, detect the emergence of new resistance phenotypes and assess the impact of community interventions.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9392229PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-022-01145-4DOI Listing

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