Segmentectomy versus lobectomy for inner-located small-sized early non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Although segmentectomy is an acceptable alternative to lobectomy for peripheral small-sized non-small-cell lung cancer, the effectiveness of segmentectomy for inner lesions remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of segmentectomy in comparison with lobectomy for inner lesions.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 570 patients with small (≤2 cm) cN0 non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy between January 2007 and March 2021. We focused on patients with lesions located in the inner two-thirds, which were determined using three-dimensional computed tomography (n = 227). After propensity score matching analysis based on sex, age, pulmonary function, serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, radiographic tumour findings and tumour location, we compared the surgical and oncological outcomes in patients who underwent segmentectomy (n = 66) and lobectomy (n = 66).

Results: Postoperative mortality or morbidity did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. The 5-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates in the segmentectomy and lobectomy groups were 93.6% vs 84.1% and 95.8% vs 87.9%, respectively. The differences between 2 groups were not significant (P = 0.62 and P = 0.23, respectively). The 2 groups also showed no differences in loco-regional recurrence. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that segmentectomy had a comparable impact on recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-2.03; P = 0.43).

Conclusions: Segmentectomy for inner-located small-sized non-small-cell lung tumours could be an acceptable treatment in comparison with lobectomy.