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http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/cd22-0020 | DOI Listing |
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo, Mankweng 0727, South Africa.
This narrative review examines the dynamic interplay between carbohydrate intake and diabetes medications, highlighting their combined molecular and clinical effects on glycemic control. Carbohydrates, a primary energy source, significantly influence postprandial glucose regulation and necessitate careful coordination with pharmacological therapies, including insulin, metformin, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Low-glycemic-index (GI) foods enhance insulin sensitivity, stabilize glycemic variability, and optimize medication efficacy, while high-GI foods exacerbate glycemic excursions and insulin resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomolecules
December 2024
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Str., 115 27 Athens, Greece.
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1a), and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (ns-MRA) are promising treatments for chronic kidney disease. This umbrella review of network meta-analyses evaluated their effects on cardiovascular outcomes, kidney disease progression, and adverse events, using the TOPSIS method to identify the optimal intervention based on P-scores. A total of 19 network meta-analyses and 44 randomized controlled trials involving 86,150 chronic kidney disease patients were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Diabetes
January 2025
Joslin Diabetes Center, Affiliated With Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are established treatment options for type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition to their glycemic benefit, GLP-1 RAs also induce weight loss by suppressing appetite via hypothalamic pathways. However, it remains unclear whether weight reduction is the primary driver of glycemic improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Obstet Gynecol
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland OH; Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Electronic address:
Background: The use of glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) has greatly increased in patients of reproductive age within the past four years. However, there is minimal research into the long-term impact of these medications on future pregnancies.
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association between adverse obstetric outcomes and antecedent GLP-1RA use using a nationally representative database.
Biotechnol Prog
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are critical global health issues with rising incidence rates. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have emerged as effective treatments due to their ability to regulate blood glucose levels and gastric emptying through central nervous signals involving hypothalamic receptors, such as leptin. To address the short plasma half-life of native GLP-1, a C-16 fatty acid was conjugated to lysine in the GLP-1 analogue sequence to enhance its longevity.
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