AI Article Synopsis
- - COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, can lead to severe respiratory problems and has been shown to affect the central nervous system (CNS), with the virus found in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients.
- - The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is believed to be the main pathway for SARS-CoV-2 to infect the brain, but the full details of how the virus interacts with the neurovascular units (NVU) in the CNS remain unclear.
- - Age and underlying health conditions are significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, prompting discussions on how mitochondrial dysfunction might contribute to inflammation and potential drug therapies to improve neurological health in older patients.
Article Abstract
COVID-19, which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in devastating morbidity and mortality worldwide due to lethal pneumonia and respiratory distress. In addition, the central nervous system (CNS) is well documented to be a target of SARS-CoV-2, and studies detected SARS-CoV-2 in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) was suggested to be the major route of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain. Functionally, the BBB is created by an interactome between endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, which form the neurovascular units (NVU). However, at present, the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the NVU and the outcomes of this process are largely unknown. Moreover, age was described as one of the most prominent risk factors for hospitalization and deaths, along with other comorbidities such as diabetes and co-infections. This review will discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the NVU, the expression profile of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the different cell types of the CNS and the possible role of aging in the neurological outcomes of COVID-19. A special emphasis will be placed on mitochondrial functions because dysfunctional mitochondria are also a strong inducer of inflammatory reactions and the "cytokine storm" associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we will discuss possible drug therapies to treat neural endothelial function in aged patients, and, thus, alleviate the neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9386676 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-022-00357-5 | DOI Listing |
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