Microglia is the major cellular component of glioma mass that promotes glioma growth, invasion, and chemoresistance by releasing inflammatory factors. Sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif (SARM), a member of the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor family, is primarily expressed in the central nervous system. However, the role of SARM in glioma is still undefined. In the present work, we examined the function of SARM in microglial polarization and glioma progression. Our results showed that forced the expression of SARM in GL261 glioma cells inhibited tumor growth, and reduced interleukin (IL)-6 secretion in conditioned media. Silencing of SARM in microglia cells inhibited IL-4-induced M2 polarization, enhanced lipopolysaccharide -induced M1 microglial polarization. Furthermore, overexpression of SARM increased the migration of microglia cells upon TGFβ stimulation. These data suggested that SARM is involved in neuro-inflammation and microglia activation. In summary, this study provides novel insight into the mechanisms of microglial polarization.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11881 | DOI Listing |
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
Background/objectives: Aronia extract or its active compounds, especially anthocyanin, have shown potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathologies, including neuroinflammation, fibrillogenesis of amyloid beta (Aβ), and cognitive impairment. However, there was still concern about their structural instability in vivo and in vitro. To solve the instability of anthocyanins, we combined aronia bioactive factions (ABFs) and alginic acid via electrostatic molecular interactions and created an ABF-alginic acid nanocomplex (AANCP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
January 2025
Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) establishes latent infections in cellular reservoirs, including microglia. HC69 cells, a microglial model of HIV latency, contain an HIV promoter long terminal repeat (LTR)-GFP reporter and were used for testing the efficacy of a two-step magnetoelectric nanoparticle (MENP) and extracellular vesicle (xEV) latency-targeting (MELT) nanotherapeutic. GFP expression in HC69 at rest is low (GFP), and upon exposure to LTR, transcription-activating agents (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Eye Res
January 2025
Department of Basic and Translational Science, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Physiology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States. Electronic address:
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) for extracellular ATP is implicated in several forms of retinal degeneration, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. P2X7R stimulation can trigger release of master cytokine IL-1β from microglia in the brain and from macrophages, but evidence of release from retinal microglia is indirect. Isolated mouse and rat retinal microglia, and wholemounts from CX3CR1 mice, were examined to determine if ATP induced IL-1β release directly from retinal microglial cells and if it also primed expression of IL-1β on an mRNA and protein level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biophotonics
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Neurorepair, Integrative regeneration laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, with microglia regulating this process through pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Studies have shown that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) modulate neuroinflammation by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines. Photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive therapy, has demonstrated significant potential in alleviating neuroinflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China.
The development of new non-neurotransmitter drugs is an important supplement to the clinical treatment of major depressive disorder. The latest development of mRNA therapy provides the possibility for the treatment of some major diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria constitute a highly interconnected set of fundamental organelles within cells.
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