Regulation of breathing by cardiopulmonary afferents.

Handb Clin Neurol

Department of Medicine (Pulmonary), University of Louisville, and Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States. Electronic address:

Published: August 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • This chapter examines the roles of cardiopulmonary sympathetic and vagal sensors and their reflex actions in normal and abnormal body processes.
  • It outlines the mechanisms by which these sensors operate and explains their central connections according to multiple sensor theory.
  • The text also explores contentious topics, providing reasoning for various conclusions while discussing how these sensory functions affect breathing control and symptoms related to cardiopulmonary diseases.

Article Abstract

This chapter broadly reviews cardiopulmonary sympathetic and vagal sensors and their reflex functions during physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. Mechanosensory operating mechanisms, including their central projections, are described under multiple sensor theory. In addition, ways to interpret evidence surrounding several controversial issues are provided, with detailed reasoning on how conclusions are derived. Cardiopulmonary sensory roles in breathing control and the development of symptoms and signs and pathophysiologic processes in cardiopulmonary diseases (such as cough and neuroimmune interaction) also are discussed.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91534-2.00014-XDOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

pathophysiologic processes
8
regulation breathing
4
cardiopulmonary
4
breathing cardiopulmonary
4
cardiopulmonary afferents
4
afferents chapter
4
chapter broadly
4
broadly reviews
4
reviews cardiopulmonary
4
cardiopulmonary sympathetic
4

Similar Publications

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the pathogenesis and treatment methods are unknown. This aim is to investigate the effects of long non coding RNA NEAT1 (LncRNA NEAT1) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD). Immunoprecipitation and western blot were used to search for the effects of LncRNA NEAT1 on PD.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Pathophysiological Significance of α-Synuclein in Sympathetic Nerves: In Vivo Observations.

Neurology

February 2025

From the Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD.

Background And Objectives: Lewy body diseases (LBDs) such as Parkinson disease (PD) feature increased deposition of α-synuclein (α-syn) in cutaneous sympathetic noradrenergic nerves. The pathophysiologic significance of sympathetic intraneuronal α-syn is unclear. We reviewed data about immunoreactive α-syn, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker of catecholaminergic fibers), and the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) in skin biopsies from control participants and patients with PD, the related LBD pure autonomic failure (PAF), the non-LBD synucleinopathy multiple system atrophy (MSA), or neurologic postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (neuro-PASC).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Sex Differences in Aortic Valve Inflammation and Remodeling in Chronic Severe Aortic Regurgitation.

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol

January 2025

Cardiovascular Translational Research. Navarrabiomed (Fundación Miguel Servet), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is more prevalent in male, although cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the sex differences in prevalence and pathophysiology are unknown. This study evaluates the impact of sex on aortic valve (AV) inflammation and remodeling as well as the cellular differences in valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and valvular endothelial cells (VECs) in patients with AR. A total of 144 patients (27.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Endometriosis, though not classified as a carcinogenic condition, shares features such as oxidative stress, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation with tumor cells. This study aims to review the effects of flavonoids on these processes and their molecular mechanisms in preventing and treating endometriosis. A comprehensive review was conducted, involving a literature search in online databases using keywords like "endometriosis," "endometrioma," and "flavonoid.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of plasma uncovers immune responses in patients with Long COVID-19.

Front Microbiol

December 2024

Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.

Long COVID is an often-debilitating condition with severe, multisystem symptoms that can persist for weeks or months and increase the risk of various diseases. Currently, there is a lack of diagnostic tools for Long COVID in clinical practice. Therefore, this study utilizes plasma proteomics and metabolomics technologies to understand the molecular profile and pathophysiological mechanisms of Long COVID, providing clinical evidence for the development of potential biomarkers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!