Prominence of NUDT15 genetic variation associated with 6-mercaptopurine tolerance in a genome-wide association study of Japanese children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Inherited genetic variation is associated with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) dose reduction and frequent toxicities induced by 6-MP. However, the tolerable dose for 6-MP is not fully predicted by the known variation in NUDT15 and TPMT among Asian children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) related to 6-MP dose among Japanese children with ALL. This GWAS comprised 224 patients previously enrolled in Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group clinical studies with replication attempted in 55 patients. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes were evaluated for association with average 6-MP dose during the initial 168 days of maintenance therapy. Possible associations were observed across five gene-coding regions, among which only variants at 13q14.2 were significant and replicated genome-wide (rs116855232, NUDT15, β = -10.99, p = 3.7 × 10 ). Notable findings were observed for variants in AFF3 (rs75364948, p = 2.05 × 10 ) and CHST11 (rs1148407, p = 2.09 × 10 ), but were not replicated possibly due to small numbers. A previously reported candidate SNP in MTHFR was associated with higher average 6-MP dose (rs1801133, p = 0.045), and FOLH1 (rs12574928) was associated in an evaluation of candidate regions (p  = 0.013). This study provides strong evidence that rs116855232 in NUDT15 is the genetic factor predominantly associated with 6-MP tolerable dose in children in Japan.