Septic arthritis due to and a review of nocardiosis as a cause of arthritis.

Bacteria of the genus are implicated in several disease processes but are a rare cause of septic arthritis. Typically, the cause of septic arthritis is dissemination from a pulmonary infection in an immunocompromised host. Herein we present a case of a 64-year-old male who had received a long course of prednisone for membranous nephropathy and developed a septic arthritis due to . He was treated sequentially with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate, linezolid and amoxicillin-clavulanate, tigecycline and amoxicillin-clavulanate, and omadacycline and amoxicillin-clavulanate. To our knowledge, only two prior cases of septic arthritis without antecedent trauma to the joint or local skin breakdown have been reported. A review of the literature identified 19 other cases of septic arthritis. This case reinforces the need to consider infection in the differential diagnosis in the immunocompromised patient with concurrent pulmonary infection and septic arthritis.