A growing number of scientific papers focus on the description and quantification of the detrimental effects of pollution exposure on human health. The respiratory system is one of the main targets of these effects and children are potentially a vulnerable population. Many studies analyzed the effects of short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants on children's respiratory function. Aim of the present narrative review is to summarize the results of the available cohort studies which investigated how lung function of children and adolescents is affected by exposure to air pollution. In addition, an overview is provided on the association, in children, between pollution exposure and exhaled breath biomarkers, as possible indicators of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in pollution-related lung damages. The identified cohort studies suggest that, beside the possible impact of recent exposure, early and lifetime exposure are the variables most consistently associated with a reduction in lung function parameters in both children and adolescents. As for the effect of air pollution exposure on exhaled breath biomarkers, the available studies show an association with increased exhaled nitric oxide, with increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and with EBC acidification. These studies, therefore, suggest lung inflammation and oxidative stress as possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved in pollution related lung damages. Taken together, the available data underscore the importance of the development and application of policies aimed at reducing air pollutant concentration, since the protection of children's lung function can have a beneficial impact on adults' respiratory health in the future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ac8895 | DOI Listing |
BMC Public Health
December 2024
School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
Background: Although there have been many studies on the relationship between ambient air pollution and cognitive functioning in developed countries, there are no studies focusing on the interaction between ambient air pollution and social activities. This study aims to examine interactive effects of ambient air pollution and social activities on cognitive function in Chinese middle-aged and older.
Methods: This study used nationally representative longitudinal survey data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2013, 2015 and 2018.
Obes Rev
December 2024
Department of Built Environment and Life Sciences, Faculty of Social and Applied Science, Kydd Building, Abertay University, Dundee, UK.
Calorie-restricted diets cause weight loss and can drive type 2 diabetes remission. However, many patients struggle to achieve clinically relevant weight loss, and the reasons are not well understood. Chemical exposure is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes development, and some evidence from preclinical experiments suggests it can limit the clinical benefits of calorie restriction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Environ Health Rep
December 2024
Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
Purpose Of Review: Metals are common environmental pollutants. Acute and chronic exposures to non-essential toxic metals or excessive essential metals cause various diseases including cancer in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRocz Panstw Zakl Hig
December 2024
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Internal Diseases, Atatürk University, Turkey.
Background: Environmental pollution, including exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), poses serious health risks, particularly through oxidative stress, which may lead to neurodegenerative damage. Antioxidants, especially those found in natural products, show potential in mitigating these toxic effects. Pomegranate juice (PJ), rich in bioactive phytochemicals, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Geochem Health
December 2024
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Environmental exposures to volatile organic compound (VOC) mixtures have received increasing attention, yet the risks are under studied. This study aimed to explore the risks of combined exposures to several commonly detected VOCs and to draw attention to the necessity of studying long-term and low-concentration environmental exposure patterns. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term and low-concentration exposures to VOCs like 1,2-dichlorobenzene, benzene, toluene and formaldehyde either alone or in combination on D.
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