Enhancing community participation for environmental health improvement in rural Tanzania: Evidence from Bukombe district.

Community participation has become a dominant approach in environmental health-related projects, yet, its enhancement has remained a challenge. This study examines ways of enhancing community participation in environmental health-related initiatives in rural areas of Tanzania. A total of one hundred people (n = 100) were engaged in this study. An embedded case study design was employed, in which multiple methods such as household questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis were used in collecting empirical data. Findings show that integration of the community into the development agenda and facilitating communities to access required equipment and tools is vital for enabling participation in environmental health-related matters. Effective and efficient leadership, mobilisation, and sensitisation of communities are operational and functioning strategies to improve environmental health through community participation, while retribution measures may prevent environmental pollution. There is a definite need for the integration of community participation as a key aspect of environmental-related projects and programs in the development policy aiming at improving the environmental health of communities.