Given the importance of services for economic activity in general and the salience of reducing service link costs for overcoming the economic and health challenges emanating from COVID-19, we examine the effect of the pandemic on services trade in the original group of ASEAN+6 countries that began negotiating the RCEP agreement. Stylised facts show that ASEAN+6 commercial services' exports and imports declined by 19.7% and 22.1%, respectively, on a YoY basis during 2020, with considerable heterogeneity across countries and sectors. ASEAN+6 announced greenfield investment in services also fell by a third during 2020, with the intra-ASEAN+6 decline being more severe at 41.8%. Meanwhile, structural gravity estimates suggest that the stringency of containment measures imposed in the wake of the pandemic may have reduced ASEAN+6 services exports by 61.6%.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.13304 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Cultural Heritage Unit, Conservation Services Division, South African National Parks, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
The rise and spread of ancient Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) trade networks profoundly impacted southern Africa. Control over this trade played a critical role in the rise and maintenance of complex societies of the second millennium CE such as Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe. While the African origins of this trade lie in the first millennium CE, understanding its earliest phases and subsequent development in the far south has been hampered by a general paucity of research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVasc Med
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
EJHaem
February 2025
Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale supérieure de Lyon) Lymphoma ImmunoBiology team Faculté de Médecine Lyon sud Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France.
Background: The normal values of the complete blood count are part of the foundational medical knowledge that is seldom questioned due to their well-established nature. These normal values are critical for optimal physiological function while minimizing the harmful consequences of an excessive number of blood cells. Thus, they represent an evolutionary trade-off likely shaped by natural selection if they significantly influence individual fitness and exhibit heritability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatient Prefer Adherence
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Introduction: Pharmacists are essential healthcare professionals which play a pivotal role in public health protection by offering diverse pharmacy services. This includes not only serving individuals in Ukraine but also addressing the needs of Ukrainian citizens residing in Poland. An exemplary initiative is the creation of the website , which provides organized and systematic support.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China. Electronic address:
Plastic waste's dual characteristics of "resource" and "pollution" led to the prevalence of trade. The Global Plastic Waste Trade Network (GPWTN) is heterogeneous, and its structure is susceptible to the influence of key countries within it. However, there is a shortage of research on the key countries and trade drivers influencing GPWTN evolution.
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