The three dimensional Lissajous curves (3 CLT) of orthogonal derivation (vertex Z+; throat Z-) (left mastoïd Y+; right mastoïd Y-) (nasion X+; neck X-) were calculated and recorded by a computer. 3-D curves were computed with an apparent rotation around the vertical axis Z. Through successive exhibition of the "virtual" plots, the observer will remark a spatial representation of the 3-D curve. As in vectocardiography, a careful scrutiny of these curves displays different planar segments. Of the different coordinates specifying planar segments position in space: azimuth and elevation are the most reproducible. This paper describes the graphic and automatic measurements submitted and gives the results obtained from subjects with normal hearing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-4475(86)80031-4 | DOI Listing |
Biomimetics (Basel)
January 2025
Automotive Parts Research Institute, Hunan University of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China.
This study investigates the unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms underlying the efficient flight of birds and proposes a biomimetic flapping-wing aircraft design utilizing a double-crank double-rocker mechanism. Building upon a detailed analysis of avian flight dynamics, a two-stage foldable flapping mechanism was developed, integrating an optimized double-crank double-rocker structure with a secondary linkage system. This design enables synchronized wing flapping and spanwise folding, significantly enhancing aerodynamic efficiency and dynamic performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Brain Mapp
February 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Iron in the brain is essential to neurodevelopmental processes, as it supports neural functions, including processes of oxygen delivery, electron transport, and enzymatic activity. However, the development of brain iron before birth is scarcely understood. By estimating R2* (1/T2*) relaxometry from a sizable sample of fetal multiecho echo-planar imaging (EPI) scans, which is the standard sequence for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), across gestation, this study investigates age and sex-related changes in iron, across regions and tissue segments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
School of Electronics Science and Engineering/National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Ultrathin silicon nanowires (diameter <30 nm) with strong electrostatic control are ideal quasi-1D channel materials for high-performance field effect transistors, while a short channel is desirable to enhance driving current. Typically, the patterning of such delicate channels relies on high-precision lithography, which is not applicable for large area electronics. In this work, we demonstrate that ultrathin and short silicon nanowires channels can be created through a local-curvature-modulated catalytic growth, where a planar silicon nanowires is directed to jump over a crossing step.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the spinal cord is relevant for studying sensation, movement, and autonomic function. Preprocessing of spinal cord fMRI data involves segmentation of the spinal cord on gradient-echo echo planar imaging (EPI) images. Current automated segmentation methods do not work well on these data, due to the low spatial resolution, susceptibility artifacts causing distortions and signal drop-out, ghosting, and motion-related artifacts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract
January 2025
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, CVC 5581, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Aims: Aortic wall stiffening in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (aTAA) is common. However, the spatial and temporal relationships between stiffness, aortic size, and growth in aTAA remain unclear.
Methods And Results: In this single-centre retrospective study, we utilized vascular deformation mapping to extract multi-directional aortic motion, aortic distensibility, and aortic growth in a multi-planar fashion from multi-phasic ECG-gated computed tomography angiograms.
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