Environmental stimuli modulate plant metabolite accumulation, facilitating adaptation to stressful conditions. In this study, the effects of blue and red light, photoperiod, CO concentration, and air temperature on the chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rutin contents of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were evaluated. Under continuous blue light and a high CO concentration (1000 ppm), the CGA level increased. The increased expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and activity of its product were correlated with high expression of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H). Furthermore, changes in PAL activity altered the CGA content in lettuce exposed to the three environmental factors, blue light, continuous lighting and high CO concentration. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis increased in accordance with the promotion of CGA accumulation by the environmental factors. Under continuous blue light, 400 ppm CO promoted rutin accumulation to a greater degree compared to 1000 ppm CO, by downregulating DFR expression. Low air temperature induced CGA accumulation in lettuce grown under continuous blue light and 1000 ppm CO. Therefore, light quality, photoperiod, CO concentration, and air temperature exert synergistic effects on the CGA and rutin contents of lettuce by modulating activity in the corresponding biosynthesis pathways.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.010DOI Listing

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