Analysis of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Lesion in Children with Kawasaki Disease.

Objective: To determine the frequency of coronary artery lesion (CAL) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) and to analyse the related risk factors of CAL and the predictive value of risk factors for CAL.

Study Design: A descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Linquan County, Anhui Province, China, from January 2019 to January 2022.

Methodology: Clinical data of 71 children with KD were retrospectively analysed, including 31 in the CAL group and 40 in the non-CAL group. The age, gender, days of fever, blood routine, plasma N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and Kobayashi score were registered as independent variables of all the children, and the presence or absence of CAL was used as the dependent variable. All the independent variables were subjected to univariate analysis between the groups, and those with significance in univariate analysis were further subjected to unconditional binary logistic regression analysis. A receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn to analyse the predictive power and optimal cut-off value of related risk factors for CAL.

Results: On univariate analysis, age, NT-proBNP and Kobayashi's score were closely related to CAL (all p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that NT-proBNP and Kobayashi scores were independent risk factors for CAL in children with KD. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of NT-proBNP and Kobayashi scores were 0.771 and 0.732, respectively, at optimal critical values of 543.12 ng/L and 7.50 points, respectively.

Conclusion: The frequency of CAL in children with KD is high. NT-proBNP and Kobayashi scores are independent risk factors for the occurrence of CAL in children with KD, and they have good predictive performance for the diagnosis of CAL.

Key Words: Kawasaki disease, Children, Coronary artery lesion, Risk factors, Kobayashi score, NT-pro BNP.